19-2-series-circuits_summary

This section focuses on understanding and working with electric circuits, specifically series circuits, and the concept of resistance in these circuits. The learning objectives are to interpret circuit diagrams, calculate equivalent resistance of resistors in series, and apply Ohm's law to resistors in series. The teaching material also covers parallel combinations of circuit elements and their relevant lab experiments, and the analogy between water flow (pressure) and electric current (voltage) is discussed to help students better understand the concepts. The following symbols are introduced: - Wire - Battery or voltage source - Resistors - Ground Ohm's law is explained in the context of circuits, using an analogy of water flow and electric current. Key takeaways from this analogy include: - Pressure (water) is analogous to voltage - Water pump (battery) increases water pressure (voltage) - Sand filter (resistor) causes resistance and heats up when water (electric charge) passes through it - Groud (reservoir) provides neutral charge and determines the potential of the negative terminal of the battery It is noted that the current in a circuit is the same at all points, but the voltage or water pressure changes as you move through the circuit. The section also covers capacitors and switches as possible circuit elements and their analogous water counterparts. The working of capacitors in circuits, their ability to store charge, and their use as power sources and filters are discussed. The section ends with a discussion of electrical engineering as a field and how it is used in various applications, ranging from macroscale power systems to nanoscale electronic circuits in devices like computers and cell phones. The story of the four engineers who resolved a voltage issue using urine to launch a missile is used as an amusing example. Finally, the concept of resistors in series and finding equivalent resistance is covered. The equation for equivalent resistance of n resistors in series is provided, as well as a Grasping Check question for students to test their understanding. Additional learning materials and simulations are also provided.